Clomiphene citrate (Clomid): What it does and how to use it

Clomiphene citrate, known commonly as Clomid or Serophene, is an oral medication that helps trigger ovulation in people who struggle to ovulate regularly. Doctors prescribe it mainly for women with anovulation, such as many with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and for some with unexplained infertility. It’s also used off‑label in men to raise testosterone and support sperm production when appropriate. Compared with injectable fertility drugs, clomiphene is cheaper, easier to take, and often tried first.

How clomiphene works and who may benefit

Clomiphene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). By blocking estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus, it makes the body think estrogen is low. That triggers increased gonadotropin‑releasing hormone (GnRH) release, which raises follicle‑stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Those hormones encourage the ovaries to mature follicles and release an egg. Women with irregular cycles, anovulation, or unexplained infertility commonly try clomiphene before moving to injections or assisted reproductive techniques. Men with certain forms of secondary hypogonadism may get clomiphene to improve testosterone without suppressing sperm.

Dose, monitoring, and safety tips

Typical dosing starts at 50 mg daily for five days, usually beginning on cycle day two to five. If ovulation does not occur, clinicians may increase the dose to 100 mg or 150 mg in later cycles. Most providers reassess after three cycles and consider other options if there’s no response. To reduce risks, doctors often monitor ovulation with ultrasound, ovulation predictor kits, or mid‑luteal progesterone blood tests.

Common side effects include hot flashes, mood changes, breast tenderness, and mild nausea. Some people report visual changes; if you notice blurred vision or spots, stop the medication and call your clinician. There is a higher chance of twins compared with natural conception and a small risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Avoid clomiphene if you are pregnant, have unexplained uterine bleeding, active liver disease, or known estrogen‑sensitive tumors.

Meds and supplements can interact with fertility treatment. Always tell your provider about thyroid medicine, hormonal treatments, herbal supplements, or medications for psychiatric conditions. If you order medication online, use a licensed pharmacy and require a valid prescription. Counterfeit or substandard drugs can harm fertility treatment and overall health.

What to expect: many people ovulate during the first or second treated cycle, but it can take longer. If you are using clomiphene for male fertility or low testosterone, clinicians check testosterone levels and semen analysis before and during therapy to track progress. Talk with your doctor about goals, monitoring plans, and how long to try clomiphene before changing approach. That keeps treatment safe and focused on results.

Quick checklist: confirm prescription and dose with your doctor, track ovulation with kits or ultrasound, report vision changes immediately, avoid alcohol and smoking for better outcomes, and ask about next steps if you don’t respond after three cycles. For men, check liver function and regular hormone tests. If unsure, see a fertility specialist. Ask your clinician for a clear personalized plan today.